Gravel Roads Construction and Maintenance and role of asphalt



 For the Gravel Roads the “gravel” is actually aggregate that sticks to the emulsion and, after rolling and sweeping, provides a skid-resistant surface to improve safety. As vehicles travel over the newly applied surface, some of the aggregate may come loose under the tires.

1. Engineering design:  Engineering  design  starts  from  planning  and  site  survey  then  includes  bidding  the  contract, inspection for  all  required equipment,  borrow  pits selection  for both embankment  and gravel source, source of water and fly camp for operators and related staffs.

     Planning  is  client  responsibilities  to  provide  engineering  study,  project  fund  and  time schedules. 

     Site survey is to detect the road route on site and study the type of existed soil and water streams and what kind of crossing they need.

     Inspection for all required equipment.

     Bidding the contract is to prepare a written contract between the client and contractor that define the job condition and penalties.   

     It is important that Borrow pits selection to be included in the term and condition of the contract due to cost impact influences upon borrow pits distances. Far borrow pits result in extra cost implemented. Also borrow pits distance influence the rhythmic number of equipment (dump trucks vs. loaders).  


     

2. Construction: Once ensure the above points, construction  starts  through mobilize equipment to borrow pits (dozers, excavators and loaders) and road site (trucks, graders, compactors and water tankers). Then the construction stages can be divided into three main activities: 

     Clearing and grubbing is to ensure removal of all organic and lose materials from the road route  and  including  in  some  cases  compacting  to  enhance  subgrade  properties  to a  certain capacity to resist loads applied through top layers and traffic moving. The most important factors to measure that is the CBR and compaction tests.

     Embankment  layer  construction starts  immediately after that.  This layer  has  the role  of road  height.  Determination  of  the  height  is  upon  water  streams  and  other  factors.

     Gravel layer is the surface and final layer cover the embankment layer, built up from course and granular materials that should have certain engineering properties such as CBR and should not have high plasticity index.

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